Analysis

This long chapter introduces and begins characterizations of the book’s principal figures: Esther, Ada, and Richard. Curiosity about Mr. Jarndyce is heightened: We wonder why he is so benevolent. To characterize Esther sympathetically, Dickens utilizes the principle of contrast: Esther’s naturalness and goodheartedness are all the more impressive when set against the background of her aunt’s dour, unbending puritanism. Implied in this chapter is Dickens’ criticism of his society for its element of cold self-righteousness and its inexcusable harshness toward children.